HSC Gap Filling Without Clues For Class 11, 12 | Path Abdur Rahman Prince
1.
The process of globalization obviously requires a common language for international communication. For many different reasons, English has (a) —— the (b) —— of being that language. As a result, it has (c) —— national borders to reach people who speak other languages. It is no longer the (d) —— possession of British or American or other native speakers, but a language that (e) —— to the world's people. In fact, bilingual and multilingual users of English for (f) —— its monolingual native speakers. This phenomenon has led to a (g) —— variety of English around the world. As more and more people speak English, more and more varieties have (h) —— which are strongly influenced by the pronunciation, grammar and idioms of the (i) —— mother tongues. World English has now (j) —— away from the control of its native speakers.
Correct word → gained / achieved / attained
Pattern: verb
Example: “English has gained the advantage of being that language.”
Explanation: এখানে verb দরকার যা “to get/achieve” অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।
(b) ——
Correct word → status / position / role
Pattern: article + noun
Example: “the status of being that language.”
Explanation: এখানে noun দরকার যা language-এর ভূমিকা বা অবস্থান বোঝায়।
(c) ——
Correct word → crossed / transcended / gone beyond
Pattern: verb phrase
Example: “it has crossed national borders.”
Explanation: border অতিক্রম করার জন্য এ ধরনের verb দরকার।
(d) ——
Correct word → sole / exclusive / original
Pattern: article + adjective + noun
Example: “the sole possession of British or American.”
Explanation: এখানে adjective+noun দিয়ে বোঝানো হয়েছে ownership কেবল তাদের ছিল।
(e) ——
Correct word → belongs / appeals / relates
Pattern: verb
Example: “a language that belongs to the world’s people.”
Explanation: এখানে verb লাগবে যা ownership বোঝায়।
(f) ——
Correct word → outnumber / exceed / surpass
Pattern: verb
Example: “users of English outnumber its monolingual native speakers.”
Explanation: এখানে compare বোঝানো হচ্ছে।
(g) ——
Correct word → great / wide / rich
Pattern: article + adjective + noun
Example: “a great variety of English.”
Explanation: এখানে variety-এর intensity বোঝাতে adjective দরকার।
(h) ——
Correct word → emerged / developed / arisen
Pattern: verb
Example: “more and more varieties have emerged.”
Explanation: নতুন variety তৈরি হওয়া বোঝাতে verb দরকার।
(i) ——
Correct word → local / native / regional
Pattern: article + adjective + noun
Example: “the native mother tongues.”
Explanation: এখানে adjective+noun structure দরকার।
(j) ——
Correct word → moved / spread / gone
Pattern: verb
Example: “World English has now moved away.”
Explanation: control থেকে দূরে সরে যাওয়ার জন্য verb দরকার।
At present, natural calamities in the world are (a) —— in a alarming rate. Floods, cyclones, earthquakes, tsunami, etc. (b) —— almost every year and (c) —— away valuable lives, habitats and other belongings. Still now, we are (d) —— to abide by the will of nature. Scientists think that we are (e) —— for these disasters. Nature has (f) —— her equilibrium for the (g) —— acts of man. So, nature is taking her (h) —— on us. If we don't become (i) —— of it, the whole world will be (j) —— for living.
(a) ——
Possible words → increasing / rising / growing
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Pattern: verb (present participle)
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Example: “calamities are increasing at an alarming rate.”
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Explanation: এখানে continuous growth বোঝানোর verb দরকার।
(b) ——
Possible words → occur / happen / strikePattern: verb
Example: “Floods, cyclones, earthquakes occur almost every year.”
Explanation: natural event ঘটাকে বোঝাতে verb দরকার।
(c) ——
Possible words → take / sweep / carryPattern: verb phrase
Example: “and take away valuable lives.”
Explanation: প্রাণ ও সম্পদ কেড়ে নেওয়া বোঝাতে verb দরকার।
(d) ——
Possible words → bound / compelled / forcedPattern: verb (past participle)
Example: “we are bound to abide by the will of nature.”
Explanation: বাধ্য হওয়া বোঝাতে দরকার।
(e) ——
Possible words → responsible / blamed / accountablePattern: adjective
Example: “we are responsible for these disasters.”
Explanation: দায়ী হওয়ার adjective দরকার।
(f) ——
Possible words → lost / disturbed / destroyedPattern: verb (past participle)
Example: “Nature has lost her equilibrium.”
Explanation: balance হারানো বোঝাতে।
(g) ——
Possible words → reckless / destructive / harmfulPattern: article + adjective + noun
Example: “for the reckless acts of man.”
Explanation: মানুষের কাজ বোঝাতে adjective+noun লাগবে।
(h) ——
Possible words → revenge / toll / punishmentPattern: article + noun
Example: “nature is taking her revenge on us.”
Explanation: প্রতিশোধ বা শাস্তি বোঝাতে noun দরকার।
(i) ——
Possible words → aware / conscious / mindfulPattern: adjective
Example: “If we don’t become aware of it.”
Explanation: সচেতন হওয়ার adjective দরকার।
(j) ——
Possible words → unsafe / unfit / unsuitablePattern: adjective
Example: “the whole world will be unfit for living.”
Explanation: বসবাসের অযোগ্য বোঝাতে adjective দরকার।
Many events of great importance (a) —— during the last century. Significant advances (b) —— in the field of science and technology. Many European colonies gained independence. The movement (c) —— democracy became (d) —— in many parts of the world. Two world wars (e) —— in the century. It (f) —— witnessed the misuse of atomic energy. Two cities of Japan were completely destroyed as a result of dropping of atom bombs. The Vietnam war and the Gulf war killed many innocent people. However, the (g) —— of Bangladesh as an independent nation (h) —— a momentous event. After a (i) —— war of nine months, Bangladesh was born. Now, we (j) —— our heads high as an independent country in the world.
(a) ——
Possible words → occurred / happened / took placePattern: verb phrase
Example: “Many events … occurred during the last century.”
Explanation: ঘটার অর্থে verb দরকার।
(b) ——
Possible words → were made / took place / were achievedPattern: verb phrase (passive)
Example: “Significant advances were made in the field of science.”
Explanation: বিজ্ঞান ও প্রযুক্তিতে অগ্রগতি বোঝাতে passive verb দরকার।
(c) ——
Possible words → for / towards / in favour ofPattern: preposition + noun
Example: “The movement for democracy became strong.”
Explanation: democracy-এর জন্য আন্দোলন বোঝাতে preposition দরকার।
(d) ——
Possible words → popular / strong / powerfulPattern: adjective
Example: “…became popular in many parts of the world.”
Explanation: আন্দোলনের শক্তি/জনপ্রিয়তা বোঝাতে adjective দরকার।
(e) ——
Possible words → broke out / were fought / occurredPattern: verb phrase
Example: “Two world wars broke out in the century.”
Explanation: যুদ্ধ শুরু হওয়া বোঝাতে verb দরকার।
(f) ——
Possible words → also / even / furtherPattern: adverb
Example: “It also witnessed the misuse of atomic energy.”
Explanation: অতিরিক্ত তথ্য সংযোজন বোঝাতে adverb দরকার।
(g) ——
Possible words → emergence / birth / independencePattern: article + noun
Example: “the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent nation.”
Explanation: নতুন জাতির জন্ম বোঝাতে noun দরকার।
(h) ——
Possible words → was / became / remainedPattern: verb
Example: “… was a momentous event.”
Explanation: ঘটনার অবস্থা প্রকাশ করার জন্য verb দরকার।
(i) ——
Possible words → bloody / liberation / greatPattern: article + adjective + noun
Example: “After a bloody war of nine months.”
Explanation: যুদ্ধের প্রকৃতি বোঝাতে adjective+noun দরকার।
(j) ——
Possible words → hold / raise / keepPattern: verb phrase
Example: “Now, we hold our heads high.”
Explanation: গৌরব বোঝাতে verb দরকার।
Once upon a time, there lived two friends in a village named Alal and Dulal. They were given to (a) —— each other in (b) —— days. One used to (c) —— back on the other. They never looked down (d) —— anybody. They were passing their days (e) —— though they had been brothers. But one day, they (f) —— up with each other (g) —— a trivial issue. From then, they started to (h) —— out again and again. The sweet friendship was totally (i) —— with each other. As a friend, I tried to help them (j) —— back on their happy days.
(a) ——
Possible words → helping / supporting / lovingPattern: verb (present participle)
Example: “given to helping each other.”
Explanation: এখানে continuous action বোঝানো হচ্ছে।
(b) ——
Possible words → their / those / the
Pattern: possessive adjective + noun
Example: “in those days.”
Explanation: অতীত সময় বোঝাতে demonstrative adjective দরকার।
(c) ——
Possible words → look / fall / rely
Pattern: verb phrase
Example: “used to look back on the other.”
Explanation: ভরসা করা/মনে রাখা বোঝাতে verb দরকার।
(d) ——
Possible words → upon / on
Pattern: phrasal preposition
Example: “looked down upon anybody.”
Explanation: phrasal verb “look down upon” fixed phrase।
(e) ——
Possible words → as if / as though
Pattern: conjunction phrase
Example: “passing their days as if they had been brothers.”
Explanation: comparison বোঝাতে।
(f) ——
Possible words → quarrelled / broke / argued
Pattern: verb (past)
Example: “they quarrelled with each other.”
Explanation: ঝগড়া বোঝাতে verb দরকার।
(g) ——
Possible words → over / for / on
Pattern: preposition
Example: “with each other over a trivial issue.”
Explanation: কারণ বোঝাতে preposition দরকার।
(h) ——
Possible words → fall / quarrel / fight
Pattern: verb phrase
Example: “started to fall out again and again.”
Explanation: idiomatic expression “fall out” মানে ঝগড়া করা।
(i) ——
Possible words → broken / destroyed / ended
Pattern: verb (past participle)
Example: “friendship was totally broken.”
Explanation: বন্ধুত্ব নষ্ট হওয়া বোঝাতে।
(j) ——
Possible words → get / look / go
Pattern: verb phrase
Example: “help them get back on their happy days.”
Explanation: পুরনো আনন্দময় দিন ফিরিয়ে আনার জন্য verb দরকার।
Money is power and can do much good and evil. It gives (a) —— and delight. It (b) —— do everything. A person without (c) —— is a person to be pitied. Nobody pays (d) —— respect to him. His friends do not (e) —— him. He has to depend on the (f) —— of others. In order to (g) —— money, he does a lot of jobs. It is a must (h) —— our life. But it does not necessarily (i) —— happiness. Happiness is absolutely a (j) —— matter.
Structure: verb (gives) + noun → “It gives pleasure and delight.”
(b) can (alt: may, might)
Structure: subject + modal verb + base verb → “It can do everything.”
(c) money (alt: wealth, riches)
Structure: preposition (without) + noun → “A person without money is to be pitied.”
(d) due (alt: proper, full)
Structure: verb + adjective + noun → “Nobody pays due respect to him.”
(e) value (alt: honour, respect)
Structure: do not + base verb → “His friends do not value him.”
(f) mercy (alt: kindness, help)
Structure: article + noun → “He has to depend on the mercy of others.”
(g) earn (alt: gain, acquire)
Structure: to + base verb → “In order to earn money, he does a lot of jobs.”
(h) in (alt: for)
Structure: a must + prepositional phrase → “It is a must in our life.”
(i) ensure (alt: guarantee, bring)
Structure: does not + base verb → “But it does not necessarily ensure happiness.”
(j) mental (alt: inner, psychological)
Structure: article + adjective + noun → “Happiness is absolutely a mental matter.”